IELTS Vocabulary: Science and Research
IELTS vocabulary for scientific methods, discoveries, and research.
15 words — Band 6 to Band 8+
Band 6Band 6 Vocabulary
hypothesis
A proposed explanation for a phenomenon
“The hypothesis was tested through controlled experiments.”
variable
A factor that can change in an experiment
“The researchers controlled all variables except temperature.”
breakthrough
A sudden important discovery
“The medical breakthrough led to a new treatment.”
Band 7Band 7 Vocabulary
empirical
Based on observation or experiment
“Empirical evidence supports the theory of evolution.”
methodology
A system of methods used in research
“The research methodology was clearly documented.”
peer review
Evaluation by experts in the same field
“Peer-reviewed journals maintain academic standards.”
correlation
A mutual relationship between two things
“There is a strong correlation between education and income.”
replication
Repeating a study to verify results
“Replication of the experiment confirmed the findings.”
specimen
A sample used for scientific study
“The specimen was analyzed under a microscope.”
theorem
A general proposition proved by reasoning
“The mathematical theorem has practical applications.”
quantitative
Relating to measuring quantity
“Quantitative research uses numerical data analysis.”
qualitative
Relating to quality or character
“Qualitative research explores people's experiences in depth.”
Band 8+Band 8+ Vocabulary
paradigm
A model or pattern for something
“The discovery challenged the existing scientific paradigm.”
causation
The relationship between cause and effect
“Correlation does not imply causation in research.”
anomaly
Something that deviates from what is normal
“The anomaly in the data required further investigation.”
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